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Muslims gather in Mecca for the Hajj pilgrimage

Muslim pilgrims circumambulate the Kaaba, the cubic building at the Grand Mosque, during the annual Hajj pilgrimage in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, Monday, June 17, 2024. (AP Photo/Rafiq Maqbool, File, File)

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(NewsNation) — More than 1.5 million Muslims from around the world gathered in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, for the Hajj, an Islamic pilgrimage to Islam’s holiest city.


The religious trip is a once-in-a-lifetime duty for every Muslim who is financially and physically capable.

This year’s pilgrimage attracted 1,673,230 Muslims, the majority of them from outside Saudi Arabia, according to an X post from Saudi Arabia’s Hajj Ministry. It’s the lowest number of pilgrims in 30 years, excluding during the COVID pandemic. 

So what do Muslims do during the Hajj?

Muslims gather in Saudi Arabia to take part in religious rituals and acts of worship to fulfil one of the Five Pillars of Islam, a religious obligation. It’s a chance to seek God’s forgiveness and repent for one’s sins.

Muslim pilgrims gather on top of the rocky hill known as the Mountain of Mercy, on the Plain of Arafat, during the annual Hajj pilgrimage near the holy city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia, Thursday, June 5, 2025. (AP Photo/Amr Nabil)

Why is Mecca considered Islam’s holiest city? 

Mount Arafat, a rocky hill southeast of Mecca, is of great significance in Islam. Arafat is where the Prophet Muhammad is said to have given his last sermon on his final Hajj.

A visit to Arafat marks the spiritual climax of the pilgrimage when Muslims pray, fast and ask God to forgive their sins. 

What are some of the other rituals?

Muslim pilgrims perform “tawaf,” which entails circling the Kaaba, a cube-shaped structure in Mecca, counterclockwise seven times. The Kaaba is the focal point toward which Muslims face during their daily prayers from anywhere in the world.

Pilgrims also retrace the path of Hagar, the wife of Prophet Ibrahim, Abraham to Jews and Christians, who Muslims believe ran between two hills seven times searching for water for her son.

Muslim pilgrims cast stones at pillars in the symbolic stoning of the devil, the last rite of the annual Hajj, in Mina near the holy city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia, Friday, June 6, 2025. (AP Photo/Amr Nabil)

Who is the Prophet Muhammad?

Muhammad was a religious and political leader born in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, in the sixth century who Muslims believe was the last of the prophets. His teachings, along with the Quran, form the basis of Islamic religious belief.  

Why do Muslims pray five times a day?

The core Islamic practice of praying five times a day, known as salah in Arabic, serves as a reminder of one’s relationship with God and a way to purify the soul. 

According to Pew Research Center, there are around 2.5 billion Muslims in the world, making Islam the second-largest religion after Christianity.